How Imaging (MRI/CT) Helps Diagnose Spinal Issues
Back and neck pain are some of the most common reasons people seek medical care. While symptoms can often feel similar from one person to another, the cause of spine-related discomfort is highly individual. That’s why medical imaging plays such a critical role in helping spine specialists diagnose spinal issues accurately and efficiently.
At MacKay Spine & Brain, we use advanced imaging technologies—particularly MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT (Computed Tomography) scans—to provide detailed views of the spine's complex structures. These tools allow our specialists to pinpoint the root of your symptoms and guide treatment decisions that are right for you.
In this post, we’ll break down how MRI and CT scans work, when they’re used, and why they’re essential to getting you on the road to recovery.
Why Imaging Is Essential to Diagnose Spinal Issues
The spine is more than just a stack of bones—it includes vertebrae, discs, nerves, muscles, and ligaments all working together. When something goes wrong, symptoms can present in the back, limbs, or even as headaches or numbness. Because of this complexity, imaging gives us an inside look that physical exams alone can’t provide.
Imaging Helps:
Locate the source of pain or weakness
Assess nerve involvement or spinal cord compression
Evaluate for injuries, herniated discs, or degenerative changes
Plan for surgery or non-surgical treatment
Monitor healing or disease progression over time
Without imaging, spine specialists would be relying largely on symptoms, which can often be misleading.
MRI Scans: A Detailed Look at Soft Tissues
MRI is often the gold standard when it comes to spinal imaging. It uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce highly detailed images of soft tissues in the body—like spinal discs, nerves, ligaments, and even the spinal cord itself.
What MRI Can Show:
Herniated or bulging discs
Pinched nerves or nerve root compression
Inflammation or swelling
Spinal cord abnormalities
Tumors or infections
Degenerative disc disease
Unlike X-rays, MRI doesn’t use ionizing radiation, which makes it safer for repeated use. It’s also particularly useful for identifying conditions that might not show up on a CT scan or X-ray.
When MRI Is Recommended:
Chronic back or neck pain with no clear cause
Radiating pain, numbness, or weakness in arms or legs
Suspected spinal cord injury or tumor
Pre-surgical planning for procedures like decompression or fusion
At MacKay Spine & Brain, we often use MRI to evaluate patients who are experiencing neurological symptoms tied to spine conditions. Learn more about how we treat spinal disorders using advanced technology.
CT Scans: Clear Views of Bone and Structure
While MRI is great for soft tissues, CT scans shine when it comes to imaging bone and structural abnormalities. CT (or CAT) scans use X-rays and computer processing to generate cross-sectional images of the spine.
What CT Can Show:
Fractures or spinal instability
Bone spurs or arthritis
Spinal alignment issues
Post-surgical changes or hardware placement
Narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis)
A CT scan can be particularly useful in emergency settings when trauma or a fracture is suspected. It’s also used when an MRI isn’t an option—such as in patients with pacemakers or certain metal implants.
When CT Is Recommended:
After a fall, car accident, or other trauma
Suspected spinal fracture
Monitoring bone healing after spine surgery
Guiding injections or surgical navigation
For some complex spine surgeries, CT scans are combined with specialized software to help create a 3D map of the spine, improving precision and safety.
What to Expect During Your Imaging Appointment
Knowing what to expect can ease anxiety about the scan itself. Here’s a general overview:
MRI:
You’ll lie on a table that slides into a cylindrical scanner.
The machine will make loud knocking sounds—earplugs or headphones are provided.
You’ll need to stay very still.
The scan typically lasts 30–60 minutes.
No pain, but some may feel anxious in the enclosed space.
CT:
The scan is quicker and typically less claustrophobic.
You’ll lie on a table that moves through a doughnut-shaped machine.
It’s painless and usually completed in under 10 minutes.
You may be asked to hold your breath briefly.
Let the technician know if you’re pregnant, have implants, or are allergic to contrast dye (if contrast is required).
Imaging and Diagnosis: Putting the Puzzle Together
Imaging alone doesn’t make the diagnosis—but it’s a crucial piece of the puzzle. Your spine specialist will use the MRI or CT results in combination with:
A physical exam
Medical history
Symptom pattern
Functional testing (if needed)
This comprehensive approach allows for a more accurate diagnosis and better-targeted treatment. At MacKay Spine & Brain, we believe that thorough diagnostics lead to smarter care and better outcomes for our patients.
Once a diagnosis is made, your doctor may recommend:
Physical therapy or lifestyle changes
Pain management techniques (like injections)
Surgical interventions, if needed
Learn more about our surgical and non-surgical treatment options for spine conditions.
Imaging Follow-Up: Monitoring Progress Over Time
Sometimes imaging isn’t a one-and-done event. You may need follow-up scans to:
Monitor healing after spine surgery
Track progression of degenerative conditions
Reassess new or changing symptoms
Repeat imaging is done thoughtfully to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure and cost. Your provider will explain when and why follow-up scans are needed.
Final Thoughts: Imaging as the First Step to Relief
Imaging plays a critical role in helping specialists diagnose spinal issues accurately and quickly. Whether you're suffering from ongoing neck pain, recovering from an injury, or dealing with numbness or tingling, MRI and CT scans help reveal what’s happening beneath the surface—so you and your care team can plan a path forward.
At MacKay Spine & Brain, we use state-of-the-art imaging technology as part of a comprehensive diagnostic approach. Our goal is simple: get the answers you need and the care you deserve.
If you're ready to take the first step toward relief, schedule a consultation with our experienced spine specialists today.
